PCOS Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract

PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The pathophysiology of PCOS is multifactorial, involving insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian dysfunction. The etiology of PCOS is complex and multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. This hormonal disorder affects more than 5 to 10 % of ladies at the puberty age. Women who are diagnosed with PCOS experience reproductive psychological and hormonal imbalances leading to decreases in the levels of oestrogen and progesterone, which are female hormones. They also have increased levels of Androgen or testosterone which is male hormones. Normally in each monthly cycle, one of the follicles in the ovaries grows and ripens to deliver the egg called an ovum. Body hormones encourage this ovulation process. Due to hormonal imbalance in PCOS, sometimes these follicles do not release eggs. When the egg does not mature properly, ovulation does not occur so one does not menstruate regularly. There are many immature follicles in the ovaries which release male hormones. These immature follicles are called cysts. Well the exact cause of PCOS is not known. What is known is that ovaries produce abnormally high levels of Androgen. This excess Androgen or male hormone production has been linked to four conditions: Genes studies show that PCOS runs in families. Many genes will contribute to this condition, Insulin Resistance up to 70% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance which means that their cells cannot use insulin properly and obesity is the major cause of insulin resistance, Inflammation increased levels of inflammation in the body leads to higher Androgen levels being overweight also contributes to inflammation, Lifestyle and psychological conditions PCOS are also linked with stress, modern faulty, lifestyle anxiety and depression. The diagnosis of PCOS is based on the presence of two out of three criteria: hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Hyperandrogenism can be diagnosed based on clinical signs such as hirsutism, acne, and male-pattern baldness, or by laboratory tests such as free testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels. Ovulatory dysfunction can be diagnosed based on menstrual irregularities or by measuring serum progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.